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Sustained activation of P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>receptors<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>causes lesions that are reminiscent of the major features of MS plaques, i.e., demyelination, oligodendrocyte death, and axonal damage. In addition, treatment with P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>antagonists of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, reduces demyelination and ameliorates the associated neurological symptoms. Together, these results indicate that ATP can kill oligodendrocytes via P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>activation and that this cell death process contributes to EAE. Importantly, P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>expression is elevated in normal-appearing axon tracts in MS patients, suggesting that signaling through this receptor in oligodendrocytes may be enhanced in this disease. Thus, P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonists may be beneficial for the treatment of MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0579-07.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,29]],"date-time":"2007-08-29T16:24:00Z","timestamp":1188404640000},"page":"9525-9533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":374,"title":["P2X<sub>7<\/sub>Receptor Blockade Prevents ATP Excitotoxicity in Oligodendrocytes and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune 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