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This electrogenic transporter conducted inward current in response to<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-glutamate and<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>- or<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-aspartate and depolarized the membrane in patch-clamp experiments. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>imaging demonstrated that the transporter-mediated depolarization induced a significant Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx through voltage-gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels. The Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>rise finally evoked glutamate exocytosis as detected by carbon-fiber amperometry and by HPLC. In pineal slices with densely packed pinealocytes, glutamate released from the cells effectively activated glutamate transporters in neighboring cells. The Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>signal generated by KCl depolarization or acetylcholine propagated through several cell layers by virtue of the regenerative \u201cglutamate-induced glutamate release.\u201d Therefore, we suggest that glutamate transporters mediate synchronized elevation of<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-glutamate and thereby efficiently downregulate melatonin secretion via previously identified inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptors in the pineal gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0894-08.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T17:39:55Z","timestamp":1224697195000},"page":"10852-10863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Glutamate Secretion in the Mammalian Pineal 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