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In anesthetized rats, artificial whisking was induced at 5 Hz, and activity of individual neurons in layers 2\u20135 was recorded during whisking in air (Whisking condition) and whisking against an object (Touch condition). Response strengths were assessed by spike counts. Input-layer responses (layers 4 and 5a) usually facilitated during the whisking train, whereas superficial responses (layer 2\/3) usually depressed. In layers 2\/3 and 4, but not 5a, responses were usually stronger during touch trials than during whisking in air. Facilitations were specific to the protraction phase; during retraction, responses depressed in all layers and conditions. These dynamic processes were accompanied by a slow positive wave of activity progressing from superficial to deeper layers and lasting for \u223c1 s, during the transient phase of response. Our results indicate that, in the cortex, adaptation does not depend only on the level of activity or the frequency of its repetition but rather on the nature of the sensory information that is conveyed by that activity and on the processing layer. The input and laminar specificities observed here are consistent with the hypothesis that the paralemniscal layer 5a is involved in the processing of whisker motion, whereas the lemniscal barrels in layer 4 are involved in the processing of object identity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0918-06.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]],"date-time":"2006-09-13T12:59:40Z","timestamp":1158152380000},"page":"9538-9547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Layer-Specific Touch-Dependent Facilitation and Depression in the Somatosensory Cortex during Active Whisking"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Dori","family":"Derdikman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Haidarliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knarik","family":"Bagdasarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amos","family":"Arieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Ahissar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303205578000_26.37.9538.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00466-4"},{"key":"2023041303205578000_26.37.9538.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(01)30007-9"},{"key":"2023041303205578000_26.37.9538.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35018568"},{"key":"2023041303205578000_26.37.9538.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.354","article-title":"Temporal frequency of whisker movement. 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