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We examined the stability of the relationship between neural activity and behavior. We asked whether the variability in neural activity that we observed during repeated reaching was consistent with a noisy but stable relationship, or with a changing relationship, between neural activity and behavior. Monkeys performed highly similar reaches under tight behavioral control, while many neurons in the dorsal aspect of premotor cortex and the primary motor cortex were simultaneously monitored for several hours. Neural activity was predominantly stable over time in all measured properties: firing rate, directional tuning, and contribution to a decoding model that predicted kinematics from neural activity. The small changes in neural activity that we did observe could be accounted for primarily by subtle changes in behavior. We conclude that the relationship between neural activity and practiced behavior is reasonably stable, at least on timescales of minutes up to 48 h. This finding has significant implications for the design of neural prosthetic systems because it suggests that device recalibration need not be overly frequent, It also has implications for studies of neural plasticity because a stable baseline permits identification of nonstationary shifts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0959-07.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]],"date-time":"2007-10-03T12:28:07Z","timestamp":1191414487000},"page":"10742-10750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Single-Neuron Stability during Repeated Reaching in Macaque Premotor Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Chestek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopal","family":"Santhanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron M.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsheen","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikash","family":"Gilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen I.","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Churchland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna V.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303275197000_27.40.10742.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.3.406"},{"key":"2023041303275197000_27.40.10742.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00421.2006"},{"key":"2023041303275197000_27.40.10742.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batista AP Yu BM Santhanam G Ryu SI Afshar A Shenoy KV (2008) Cortical neural prosthesis performance improves when eye position is monitored. 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