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We report that the presence of K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 channels in addition to K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1 at glutamatergic mossy fiber boutons (MFBs) in rat hippocampal slices considerably limits the number of fast, voltage-activated potassium channels necessary to achieve basal presynaptic AP repolarization. The \u223c10-fold higher repolarization efficacy per K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 channel compared with presynaptic K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>1 results from a higher steady-state availability at rest, a better recruitment by the presynaptic AP as a result of faster activation kinetics, and a larger single-channel conductance. Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>) at MFBs give rise to a fast activating\/fast inactivating and a slowly activating\/sustained K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current component during long depolarizations. However, BK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>contribute to MFB\u2013AP repolarization only after presynaptic K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 have been disabled. The calcium chelators EGTA and BAPTA are equally effective in preventing BK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>activation, suggesting that BK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>are not organized in nanodomain complexes with presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels. Thus, the functional properties of K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 channels at MFBs are tuned to both promote brevity of presynaptic APs limiting glutamate release and at the same time keep surface protein density of potassium channels low. Presynaptic BK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>channels are restricted to limit additional increases of the AP half-duration in case of K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 hypofunction, because rapid membrane repolarization by K<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 combined with distant calcium sources prevent BK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>activation during basal APs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0972-11.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T16:54:16Z","timestamp":1306947256000},"page":"8001-8012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Sparse But Highly Efficient K<sub>v<\/sub>3 Outpace BK<sub>Ca<\/sub>Channels in Action Potential Repolarization at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Boutons"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"Alle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisahiko","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg R. 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