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Previous data demonstrate that PGC-1\u03b1 is primarily concentrated in inhibitory neurons and that PGC-1\u03b1 is required for the expression of the interneuron-specific Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) throughout the cortex. To identify other possible transcriptional targets of PGC-1\u03b1 in neural tissue, we conducted a microarray on neuroblastoma cells overexpressing PGC-1\u03b1, mined results for genes with physiological relevance to interneurons, and measured cortical gene and protein expression of these genes in mice with underexpression and overexpression of PGC-1\u03b1. We observed bidirectional regulation of novel PGC-1\u03b1-dependent transcripts spanning synaptic [synaptotagmin 2 (Syt2) and complexin 1 (Cplx1)], structural [neurofilament heavy chain (Nefh)], and metabolic [neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (Nceh1), adenylate kinase 1 (Ak1), inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase J (Inpp5j), ATP synthase mitochondrial F1 complex O subunit (Atp5o), phytanol-CoA-2hydroxylase (Phyh), and ATP synthase mitrochondrial F1 complex \u03b1 subunit 1 (Atp5a1)] functions. The neuron-specific genes Syt2, Cplx1, and Nefh were developmentally upregulated in an expression pattern consistent with that of PGC-1\u03b1 and were expressed in cortical interneurons. Conditional deletion of PGC-1\u03b1 in PV-positive neurons significantly decreased cortical transcript expression of these genes, promoted asynchronous GABA release, and impaired long-term memory. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PGC-1\u03b1 is required for normal PV-positive interneuron function and that loss of PGC-1\u03b1 in this interneuron subpopulation could contribute to cortical dysfunction in disease states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1222-14.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T16:57:56Z","timestamp":1413997076000},"page":"14375-14387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["PGC-1\u03b1 Provides a Transcriptional Framework for Synchronous Neurotransmitter Release from Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura 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