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The initial estrogen-induced sexual nonreceptivity is correlated with the activation and internalization of \u03bc-opioid receptors (MORs), in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN). Progesterone reverses the estrogen-induced activation\/internalization of MOR and induces the sexual receptive behavior lordosis. To determine whether NPY and endogenous opioids interact, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen-induced MOR activation is mediated through NPY-Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor (Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R) activation. Retrograde tract tracing demonstrated Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>Ron \u03b2-END neurons that projected to the MPN. Sex steroid modulation of MOR in the MPN acts through NPY and the Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R. Estradiol administration or intracerebroventricular injection of NPY activated\/internalized Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R in the arcuate nucleus and MOR in the MPN of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Moreover, the selective Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R agonist [Leu31, Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y (LPNY) internalized MOR in the MPN of OVX rats. The Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R antagonist (Cys<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>, Nva<jats:sup>34<\/jats:sup>)-Neuropeptide Y (27\u201336)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>prevented estrogen-induced Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R and MOR activation\/internalization. NPY reversed the progesterone blockade of estradiol-induced Y<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>R and MOR internalization in the arcuate nucleus and MPN, respectively. Behaviorally, LPNY inhibited estrogen plus progesterone-induced lordosis, and the MOR-selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr amide reversed LPNY-induced inhibition of lordosis. These results suggest that a sequential sex steroid activation of NPY and MOR circuits regulates sexual receptivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1366-03.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,29]],"date-time":"2004-01-29T03:23:41Z","timestamp":1075346621000},"page":"947-955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Estrogen-Induced \u03bc-Opioid Receptor Internalization in the Medial Preoptic Nucleus Is Mediated via Neuropeptide Y-Y<sub>1<\/sub>Receptor Activation in the Arcuate Nucleus of Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E","family":"Micevych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90605-3"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.136.12.5547"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057320"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.135.4.1621"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17492.x","volume":"757","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000127265","volume":"66","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2023041303045782000_24.4.947.8","unstructured":"Cator AD, DeJoseph MR, Urban JH (2002) Distribution of NPY receptors and estrogen receptors in rat hypothalamus. 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