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Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We identify<jats:italic>Sox14<\/jats:italic>as an exclusive marker of inhibitory projection neurons in the lateral and interposed, but not the medial, cerebellar nuclei.<jats:italic>Sox14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>neurons make up \u223c80% of<jats:italic>Gad1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>neurons in these nuclei and are indistinguishable by soma size from other inhibitory neurons. All<jats:italic>Sox14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>neurons of the lateral and interposed cerebellar nuclei are generated at approximately E10\/10.5 and extend long-range, predominantly contralateral projections to the inferior olive. A small<jats:italic>Sox14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>population in the adjacent vestibular nucleus \u201cY\u201d sends an ipsilateral projection to the oculomotor nucleus. Cerebellar<jats:italic>Sox14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>and glutamatergic projection neurons assemble in non-overlapping populations at the nuclear transition zone, and their integration into a coherent nucleus depends on<jats:italic>Sox14<\/jats:italic>function. Targeted ablation of<jats:italic>Sox14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>cells by conditional viral expression of diphtheria toxin leads to significantly impaired motor learning. Contrary to expectations, associative learning is unaffected by unilateral<jats:italic>Sox14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>neuron elimination in the interposed and lateral nuclei.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT<\/jats:bold>The cerebellar nuclei are central to cerebellar function, yet how they modulate and process cerebellar inputs and outputs is still primarily unknown. Our study gives a direct insight into how nucleo-olivary projection neurons are generated, their projections, and their function in an intact behaving mouse. These neurons play a critical conceptual role in all models of cerebellar function, and this study represents the first specific analysis of their molecular identity and function and offers a powerful model for future investigation of cerebellar function in motor control and learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1456-18.2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T20:30:04Z","timestamp":1537561804000},"page":"9539-9550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Sox14 Is Required for a Specific Subset of Cerebello\u2013Olivary Projections"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hong-Ting","family":"Prekop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kroiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Rook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laskaro","family":"Zagoraiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Jessell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.T.","family":"Wingate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01043.2002"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902310104"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2087-09.2009"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03789.x"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282e326e8"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.04.018"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901760102"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(78)90227-6"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-010-0209-2"},{"key":"2023041803332841000_38.44.9539.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan-Palay V (1977) Cerebellar dentate nucleus: organization, cytology and transmitters. 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