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We generated a conditional knock-out mouse in which the type II TGF\u03b2 receptor is specifically ablated only in Schwann cells. Inactivation of the receptor, evident at least from embryonic day 18, resulted in suppressed Schwann cell death in normally developing and injured nerves. Notably, the mutants also showed a strong reduction in Schwann cell proliferation. Consequently, Schwann cell numbers in wild-type and mutant nerves remained similar. Lack of TGF\u03b2 signaling did not appear to affect other processes in which TGF\u03b2 had been implicated previously, including myelination and response of adult nerves to injury. This is the first<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>evidence for a growth factor receptor involved in promoting Schwann cell division during development and the first genetic evidence for a receptor that controls normal developmental Schwann cell death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1578-06.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,16]],"date-time":"2006-08-16T19:42:55Z","timestamp":1155757375000},"page":"8417-8427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["TGF\u03b2 Type II Receptor Signaling Controls Schwann Cell Death and Proliferation in Developing Nerves"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Droggiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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