{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T22:31:21Z","timestamp":1793917881328,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]],"date-time":"1998-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":893980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple sites of extraretinal photoreception are present in vertebrates, but the molecular basis of extraretinal phototransduction is poorly understood. This study reports the cloning of the first opsin specifically expressed in the directly photosensitive pineal and parapineal of cold-blooded vertebrates. This opsin, identified in channel catfish and termed parapinopsin, defines a new gene family of vertebrate photopigments and is expressed in a majority of parapinealocytes and a subset of pineal photoreceptor cells. Parapinopsin shows a caudal\u2013rostral gradient of expression within the pineal organ. This study also reports the cloning of partial cDNAs encoding the channel catfish orthologues of rhodopsin and the red cone pigment\u2014the full complement of retinal opsins in the species.<jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>hybridization studies using probes derived from these retinal opsins, together with parapinopsin, reveal no expression of retinal opsins in pineal and parapineal organ and no expression of any opsin tested in the \u201cdeep brain,\u201d iris, or dermal melanophores. These data imply that phototransduction in these sites of extraretinal photoreception must be mediated by novel opsins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.17-21-08083.1997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:21:06Z","timestamp":1522714866000},"page":"8083-8092","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Parapinopsin, a Novel Catfish Opsin Localized to the Parapineal Organ, Defines a New Gene Family"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Seth","family":"Blackshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon H.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Photomechanical coupling in the vertebrate sphincter pupillae.","volume":"4","author":"Barr","year":"1989","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00287-1"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80062-6","article-title":"The patterning and onset of opsin expression in vertebrate retina.","volume":"6","author":"Cepko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.1995.1004"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80243-3"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02151295"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1962.25.3.405"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(68)90064-3"},{"key":"2023041302370020000_17.21.8083.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eakin RM (1973) The third eye. 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