{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:48:36Z","timestamp":1790020116502,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,15]],"date-time":"2000-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":947894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I) is thought to be expressed by a single, highly spatially restricted group of neurons, which originate in the olfactory placode and migrate through the nose into the medial septum and hypothalamus from where they control fertility. Transgenic mice bearing a 13.5 kb GnRH-I-lacZ reporter construct were derived and found to express high levels of \u03b2-galactosidase mRNA and protein within the septohypothalamic GnRH neurons in a correct temporal and spatial manner. Unexpectedly, low levels of \u03b2-galactosidase were also present in three further populations of cells within the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and tectum. Analysis of wild-type mice with three different GnRH-I antibodies revealed distinct and transient patterns of GnRH-I peptide expression during development in all three of these populations revealed by transgenics. The synthesis of GnRH by cells of the lateral septum was the most persistent and remained until the third postnatal week. Embryonic \u201csmall eye\u201d Pax-6 null mice, which fail to develop an olfactory placode, were also examined and shown to have equivalent populations of GnRH-I-immunoreactive cells in the lateral septum, tectum, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis but none of the migrating cells that form the septohypothalamic GnRH population. These results prove that so-called \u201cectopic\u201d expression in promoter transgenic lines can reflect authentic developmental patterns of gene expression. They further provide the first demonstration in mammalian brain that multiple neuronal populations of different embryological origin express GnRH-I peptide during embryonic and postnatal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.19-14-05955.1999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]],"date-time":"2018-04-13T22:21:07Z","timestamp":1523658067000},"page":"5955-5966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Promoter Transgenics Reveal Multiple Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-I-Expressing Cell Populations of Different Embryological Origin in Mouse Brain"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Skynner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan A.","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick D.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan E.","family":"Herbison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05894.x","article-title":"Neuron-specific expression and physiological regulation of bovine vasopressin transgenes in mice.","volume":"12","author":"Ang","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.136.8.3452"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(98)00007-8"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.4","unstructured":"Franklin KBJ Paxinos G (1997) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates. (Academic, San Diego)."},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490360110"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80069-X"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-1-123"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02328.1995"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/354522a0"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.10","unstructured":"Hogan B Beddington R Costantini F Lacy E (1994) Manipulating the mouse embryo, a laboratory manual. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY)."},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.11","first-page":"95","article-title":"Small eye (Sey): a homozygous lethal mutation on chromosome 2 which affects the differentiation of both lens and nasal placodes in the mouse.","volume":"97","author":"Hogan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90162-4"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.12.5618"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1993.1271"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3097822"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)90011-6"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4095.177"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114156"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1290"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)90037-X"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4117.1148"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970414)380:3<293::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-7431(92)90019-X","article-title":"Targeted expression of somatostatin in vasopressinergic magnocellular hypothalamic neurons of transgenic mice.","volume":"3","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/338161a0"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902550207"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-14-2-241"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.27","unstructured":"Silverman A Livne I Witkin JW (1994) The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), neuronal systems: immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. in The physiology of reproduction, eds Knobil E Neill JD (Raven, New York), pp 1683\u20131706."},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/38.6.2186087"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.29","first-page":"237.9","article-title":"GnRH\/lacZ mice exhibit two major populations of beta-galactosidase-stained neurons.","volume":"23","author":"Spergel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315732","article-title":"Development of Dickie\u2019s small eye, a mutation in the house mouse.","volume":"155","author":"Thieler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anat Embryol"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00229-3"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02740676"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.305"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20016","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.33.20018","article-title":"Cell-specific expression of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene in transgenic animals.","volume":"271","author":"Wolfe","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(88)90103-9"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.20.8132"},{"key":"2023041302422501000_19.14.5955.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00733.x"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05955.1999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T12:49:14Z","timestamp":1681390154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05955.1999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05955.1999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.19-14-05955.1999","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,15]]}}}