{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:10:46Z","timestamp":1790662246924,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kv2 family \u201cdelayed-rectifier\u201d potassium channels are widely expressed in mammalian neurons. Kv2 channels activate relatively slowly and their contribution to action potential repolarization under physiological conditions has been unclear. We explored the function of Kv2 channels using a Kv2-selective blocker, Guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX-1E). Using acutely isolated neurons, mixed voltage-clamp and current-clamp experiments were done at 37\u00b0C to study the physiological kinetics of channel gating and action potentials. In both rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, 100 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>GxTX-1E produced near-saturating block of a component of current typically constituting \u223c60\u201380% of the total delayed-rectifier current. GxTX-1E also reduced A-type potassium current (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>), but much more weakly. In SCG neurons, 100 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>GxTX-1E broadened spikes and voltage clamp experiments using action potential waveforms showed that Kv2 channels carry \u223c55% of the total outward current during action potential repolarization despite activating relatively late in the spike. In CA1 neurons, 100 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>GxTX-1E broadened spikes evoked from \u221270 mV, but not \u221280 mV, likely reflecting a greater role of Kv2 when other potassium channels were partially inactivated at \u221270 mV. In both CA1 and SCG neurons, inhibition of Kv2 channels produced dramatic depolarization of interspike voltages during repetitive firing. In CA1 neurons and some SCG neurons, this was associated with increased initial firing frequency. In all neurons, inhibition of Kv2 channels depressed maintained firing because neurons entered depolarization block more readily. Therefore, Kv2 channels can either decrease or increase neuronal excitability depending on the time scale of excitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1925-13.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T17:22:04Z","timestamp":1396459324000},"page":"4991-5002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Kv2 Channel Regulation of Action Potential Repolarization and Firing Patterns in Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons and Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Pin W.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce P.","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.154336"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6394","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06394.1999","article-title":"Delayed rectifier currents in rat globus pallidus neurons are attributable to Kv2.1 and Kv3.1\/3.2 K(+) channels","volume":"19","author":"Baranauskas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10277","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-23-10277.2002","article-title":"Roles of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na+ current, TTX-resistant Na+ current, and Ca2+ current in the action potentials of nociceptive sensory neurons","volume":"22","author":"Blair","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.229013"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.011"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.251942"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2667-06.2006"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257145","article-title":"Sodium and potassium currents recorded during an action potential","volume":"17","author":"de Haas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Biophys J"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E12-01-0047"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00519-8"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00019.xm"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.62.1.48"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3008-12.2013"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0791s.x"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00933.2006"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.128454"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00758.2010"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.257253"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.09.012"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-0788"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.21","unstructured":"Hille B (2001) Ion channels of excitable membranes (Sinauer, Sunderland, MA), Ed 3."},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01569.1993","article-title":"Contrasting immunohistochemical localizations in rat brain of two novel K+ channels of the Shab subfamily","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106201108"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.153734"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.191973"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.124586"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2373-12.2012"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.095042"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.05.026"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00785.2011"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00871.x"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8004","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-20-08004.2001","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity of the voltage-gated fast transient outward K+ current, I(Af), in mammalian neurons","volume":"21","author":"Malin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10094","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-23-10094.2002","article-title":"Delayed rectifier K+ currents, IK, are encoded by Kv2 alpha-subunits and regulate tonic firing in mammalian sympathetic neurons","volume":"22","author":"Malin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1260"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2005.02.003"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0351064"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/chan.3.1.7655"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-05-01728.1999","article-title":"Identification of the Kv2.1 K+ channel as a major component of the delayed rectifier K+ current in rat hippocampal neurons","volume":"19","author":"Murakoshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.52.5.821"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.033"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(92)07008-C"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003028107"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201110604"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(01)76052-3"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.135.6.1619"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.111.2.313"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.3.508","article-title":"Perforated patch-clamp analysis of the passive membrane properties of three classes of hippocampal neurons","volume":"67","author":"Spruston","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.5.2398","article-title":"Resting and active properties of pyramidal neurons in subiculum and CA1 of rat hippocampus","volume":"84","author":"Staff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.037"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90184-1"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80306-2"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5043-12.2013"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10764"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.66.032102.113328"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2008"},{"key":"2023041304101045000_34.14.4991.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.12.061"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1925-13.2014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T22:01:50Z","timestamp":1681423310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1925-13.2014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1925-13.2014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.1925-13.2014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]}}}