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By using the axotomy-induced neuronal death paradigm and adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we attempted to gain insight into the functional significances of major growth factor receptor downstream cascades, Ras\u2013extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase\u2013Akt (PI3K-Akt) pathway. After neonatal hypoglossal nerve transection, the constitutively active Akt-overexpressing neurons could survive as well as those overexpressing Bcl-2, whereas the constitutively active ERK kinase (MEK)-overexpressing ones failed to survive. A dominant negative Akt experiment demonstrated that inhibition of Akt pathway hastened axotomy-induced neuronal death in the neonate. In addition, the dominant active Akt-overexpressing adult hypoglossal neurons showed accelerated axonal regeneration after axotomy. These results suggest that Akt plays dual roles in motoneuronal survival and nerve regeneration<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and that PI3K-Akt pathway is probably more vital in neuronal survival after injury than Ras-ERK pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-08-02875.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T17:31:30Z","timestamp":1522776690000},"page":"2875-2886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Akt\/Protein Kinase B Prevents Injury-Induced Motoneuron Death and Accelerates Axonal 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