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Neurosci."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neural circuits are refined by strengthening frequently used or advantaged synapses while eliminating redundant connections. In neonatal mice, cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) are initially innervated by multiple climbing fibers (CFs) of similar strength. By postnatal day 7 (P7), one CF, the \u201cwinner,\u201d is selectively strengthened and begins dendritic translocation by P9, while both \u201cwinner\u201d and \u201closer\u201d CFs temporarily maintain somatic synapses. Although the functional differentiation of CF inputs is well understood, their structural differentiation is less clear. In this study, we examined \u201cwinner\u201d CF synapses in dendrites and both \u201cwinner\u201d and \u201closer\u201d synapses in the soma using serial electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in C57BL\/6 mice. We found that \u201cwinner\u201d CF synapses, both in the soma and dendrites, developed more complex pre- and postsynaptic structures than \u201closer\u201d CFs, with an expanded area of postsynaptic density. Additionally, \u201cwinner\u201d CF synapses expressed significantly higher levels of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Notably, only dendritic \u201cwinner\u201d synapses showed increased levels of Rab3-interacting molecule RIM, a key presynaptic regulator of neurotransmitter release. 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