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First, intracortical inhibitory circuits in the primary motor cortex were tuned after training such that inhibition was selectively reduced for the finger that was mentally activated. Second, motor imagery finger representations in areas of the sensorimotor system assessed with functional MRI became more distinct after training. Together, our results indicate that the neural underpinnings of finger individuation, a well-known model system for neuroplasticity, can be modified using TMS-NF guided motor imagery training. These findings demonstrate that TMS-NF induces neuroplasticity in the sensorimotor system, highlighting the promise of TMS-NF on the recovery of fine motor function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2189-24.2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T17:50:20Z","timestamp":1753379420000},"page":"e2189242025","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["TMS-Based Neurofeedback Training of Mental Finger Individuation Induces Neuroplastic Changes in the Sensorimotor System"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5900-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid 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