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In rats with chronic disruption of GABA-mediated inhibition in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), achieved by chronic microinfusion of the glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-allylglycine, sodium lactate infusions or yohimbine elicits panic-like responses (i.e., anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, and tachypnea). In the present study, previous injections of the angiotensin-II (A-II) type 1 receptor antagonist losartan and the nonspecific A-II receptor antagonist saralasin into the DMH of \u201cpanic-prone\u201d rats blocked the anxiety-like and physiological components of lactate-induced panic-like responses. In addition, direct injections of A-II into the DMH of these panic-prone rats also elicited panic-like responses that were blocked by pretreatment with saralasin. Microinjections of saralasin into the DMH did not block the panic-like responses elicited by intravenous infusions of the noradrenergic agent yohimbine or by direct injections of NMDA into the DMH. The presence of the A-II type 1 receptors in the region of the DMH was demonstrated using immunohistochemistry. Thus, these results implicate A-II pathways and the A-II receptors in the hypothalamus as putative substrates for sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in vulnerable subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2491-06.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T19:33:28Z","timestamp":1157571208000},"page":"9205-9215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Angiotensin-II Is a Putative Neurotransmitter in Lactate-Induced Panic-Like Responses in Rats with Disruption of GABAergic Inhibition in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anantha","family":"Shekhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy 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