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Here, we examined the relationship between leptin allelic variation and plasma leptin levels with DAD2\/3R availability<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>as measured with [<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]raclopride PET at baseline and during a standardized pain stress challenge. Allelic variation in the leptin gene was associated with varying levels of dopamine release in response to the pain stressor, but not with baseline D2\/3 receptor availability. Circulating leptin was also positively associated with stress-induced dopamine release. These results show that leptin serves as a regulator of neuronal function in humans and provides an etiological mechanism for differences in dopamine neurotransmission in response to salient stimuli as related to metabolic function. The capacity for leptin to influence stress-induced dopaminergic function is of importance for pathological states where dopamine is thought to play an integral role, such as mood, substance-use disorders, eating disorders, and obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2521-12.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T16:34:44Z","timestamp":1351701284000},"page":"15369-15376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Leptin Regulates Dopamine Responses to Sustained Stress in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Burghardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany M.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian 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