{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:14:09Z","timestamp":1789193649218,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in motor deficits, but produces, in many patients, excruciating chronic pain (SCI pain). We have previously shown, in a rodent model, that SCI causes suppression of activity in the GABAergic nucleus, the zona incerta (ZI), and concomitant increased activity in one of its main targets, the posterior nucleus of the thalamus (PO); the increased PO activity is correlated with the maintenance and expression of hyperalgesia after SCI. Here, we test the hypothesis that SCI causes a similar pathological increase in other thalamic nuclei regulated by the ZI, specifically the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), which is involved in the emotional-affective aspects of pain. We recorded single and multiunit activity from MD of either anesthetized or awake rats, and compared data from rats with SCI with data from sham-operated controls (anesthetized experiments) or with data from the same animals prelesion (awake experiments). Consistent with our hypothesis, MD neurons from rats with SCI show significant increases in spontaneous firing rates and in the magnitude and duration of responses to noxious stimuli. In a subset of anesthetized animals, similar changes in activity of MD neurons were produced by pharmacologically inactivating ZI in naive rats, suggesting that the changes in the MD after SCI are related to suppressed inhibition from the ZI. These data support our hypothesis that SCI pain results, at least in part, from a loss of inhibition to thalamic nuclei associated with both the sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective components of pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2639-12.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T18:13:28Z","timestamp":1361988808000},"page":"3915-3926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Pathological Activity in Mediodorsal Thalamus of Rats with Spinal Cord Injury Pain"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Whitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radi","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha S.","family":"Pulimood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asaf","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200822060-00002"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02157.x"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boivie J (2005) in Wall and Melzack's textbook of pain, Central pain, eds McMahon S Koltzenburg M (Churchill Livingstone, Oxford), pp 1057\u20131074.","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-443-07287-6\/50072-2"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.1.62"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.10.006"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canavero S Bonicalzi V (2007) Central pain syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management (Cambridge UP, New York).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511585692"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32124-5","article-title":"Suprofen, a new peripheral analgesic","volume":"214","author":"Capetola","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90117-5"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90085-1"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.01.010"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-153234"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.12","unstructured":"Dostrovsky JO (2007) in Central neuropathic pain: focus on Poststroke pain, The thalamus and human pain, eds Henry JL Panju A Yashpal K (IASP, Seattle), pp 101\u2013112."},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(90)91056-O"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901840207"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20084"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.016"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.17","first-page":"193","article-title":"Dorsal root entry zone microcoagulation for spinal cord injury-related central pain: operative intramedullary electrophysiological guidance and clinical outcome","volume":"97","author":"Falci","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg007"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.5.2243","article-title":"Modulation of receptive field properties of thalamic somatosensory neurons by the depth of anesthesia","volume":"81","author":"Friedberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf275"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90339-9"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800008993","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of neurons in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus during tonic and burst response mode","volume":"12","author":"Guido","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh623"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01009.2005"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2880"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/34.2-3.102"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.21.717"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2289073"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.29","first-page":"81","article-title":"Evoked responses of the anterior cingulate cortex to stimulation of the medial thalamus","volume":"43","author":"Hsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.011"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015153","article-title":"Electrophysiological properties of guinea-pig thalamic neurones: an in vitro study","volume":"349","author":"Jahnsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10978"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.141218998"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.34","unstructured":"Jones EG (2007) The thalamus (Cambridge UP, Cambridge)."},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.35","unstructured":"Keller A (2011) Neuroscience Meeting Planner, Thalamic and cortical plasticity in pain models. Program 524.05. Available online at http:\/\/goo.gl\/p87Oq . Accessed on January 29, 2013."},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901710204"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903260106"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00165-6"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00343.2005"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91088-3"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991108)414:1<67::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00242177","article-title":"Latency variability of responses to visual stimuli in cells of the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"105","author":"Lu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.025"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00152.2009"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masri R Keller A (2011) in Frontiers in spinal cord and spine repair, Chronic pain following spinal cord injury, ed Jandial R (Landers Bioscience, Austin, TX).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4090-1_5"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1516-3"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.50.4.798","article-title":"Lateral geniculate nucleus unitary discharge in sleep and waking: state- and rate-specific aspects","volume":"50","author":"McCarley","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.48","unstructured":"Merskey H Bogduk N (1994) Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms (IASP, Seattle)."},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90048-1"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91373-4"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290308"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.52","unstructured":"Paxinos G Watson C (1998) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates (Academic, San Diego)."},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1053"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5472.1769"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.2.6.392"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902150106"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800171056"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903230204"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903370102"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00136-5"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.3.0415"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.10.009"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01196.2005"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800007446"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherman SM Guillery RW (2005) Exploring the thalamus and its role in cortical function (MIT, Cambridge, MA).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2940.001.0001"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-5-51"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00452-9"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00353-5"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/86054"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.3.0373","article-title":"Intractable pain of spinal cord origin: clinical features and implications for surgery","volume":"77","author":"Tasker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00423.2006"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00184-5"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00350-X"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.74","first-page":"279","article-title":"Dorsal rhizotomy changes the spontaneous neuronal activity of nuclei in the medial thalamus","volume":"49","author":"Vacul\u00edn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-07-02077.1990","article-title":"Long-term changes in purposive and reflexive responses to nociceptive stimulation following anterolateral chordotomy","volume":"10","author":"Vierck","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3296-08.2008"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.08.059"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.04.029"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00796-0"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.80","first-page":"678","article-title":"Analgesic activity of diflunisal [MK-647; 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)salicylic acid] in rats with hyperalgesia induced by Freund's adjuvant","volume":"211","author":"Winter","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02235-2"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-7-64"},{"key":"2023041304021455000_33.9.3915.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2209-07.2007"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2639-12.2013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T22:19:27Z","timestamp":1745965167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2639-12.2013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2639-12.2013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2639-12.2013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]}}}