{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:33:50Z","timestamp":1791340430717,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,26]],"date-time":"2010-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inhibitory interneurons are crucially important for cerebral cortex function and behavior. The mechanisms controlling inhibitory interneuron diversification and allocation to distinct cortical areas remain poorly understood. GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) and its receptor GFR\u03b11 have been implicated in the development of GABAergic precursors but, because of the early lethality of null mutants, their roles in postnatal maturation and function of cortical interneurons are unknown. \u201c<jats:italic>cis-<\/jats:italic>only\u201d mutant mice lack GFR\u03b11 only in cells that do not express the RET signaling receptor subunit and survive to adulthood. At birth, both null mutants and<jats:italic>cis-<\/jats:italic>only mice showed a specific loss of GABAergic interneurons in rostro- and caudolateral cortical regions but not in more medial areas. Unexpectedly, the adult cortex of<jats:italic>cis-<\/jats:italic>only mice displayed a complete loss of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons in discrete regions (PV holes) interspersed among areas of normal PV cell density. PV holes predominantly occurred in the visual and frontal cortices, and their size could be affected by neuronal activity. Consistent with deficits in cortical inhibitory activity, these mice showed enhanced cortical excitability, increased sensitivity to epileptic seizure, and increased social behavior. We propose that GFR\u03b11 signaling guides the development of a subset of PV-expressing GABAergic interneurons populating discrete regions of the cerebral cortex and may thus contribute to the diversification and allocation of specific cortical interneuron subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2658-09.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,26]],"date-time":"2009-08-26T17:28:51Z","timestamp":1251307731000},"page":"10695-10705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Regionalized Loss of Parvalbumin Interneurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Mice with Deficits in GFR\u03b11 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alison 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