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Regulation of transmission by subthreshold depolarizations does occur, but there is little evidence that low-voltage-activated, Ca<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3 (\u201cT-type\u201d), channels take part. GABA release from cortical perisomatic-targeting interneurons affects numerous physiological processes, and yet its underlying control mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated whether T-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels are involved in regulating GABA transmission from these cells in rat hippocampal CA1 using a combination of whole-cell voltage-clamp, multiple-fluorescence confocal microscopy, dual-immunolabeling electron-microscopy, and optogenetic methods. We show that Ca<jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>3.1, T-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels can be activated by \u03b13\u03b24 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that are located on the synaptic regions of the GABAergic perisomatic-targeting interneuronal axons, including the parvalbumin-expressing cells. Asynchronous, quantal GABA release can be triggered by Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx through presynaptic T-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels, augmented by Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>from internal stores, following focal microiontophoretic activation of the \u03b13\u03b24 nAChRs. The resulting GABA release can inhibit pyramidal cells. The T-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel-dependent mechanism is not dependent on, or accompanied by, HVA channel Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx, and is insensitive to agonists of cannabinoid, \u03bc-opioid, or GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>receptors. It may therefore operate in parallel with the normal HVA-dependent processes. The results reveal new aspects of the regulation of GABA transmission and contribute to a deeper understanding of ACh and nicotine actions in CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2781-11.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,21]],"date-time":"2011-09-21T16:50:18Z","timestamp":1316623818000},"page":"13546-13561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Nerve Terminal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Initiate Quantal GABA Release from Perisomatic Interneurons by Activating Axonal T-Type (Ca<sub>v<\/sub>3) Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>Channels and Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>Release from Stores"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ai-Hui","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda A.","family":"Karson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Nagode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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