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Aging was associated with SSC stress and decoupling of mitochondria with the SSC, mitochondrial fission\/fusion imbalance, a remarkable reduction in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>levels, reduced K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-induced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>uptake, and marked plasticity of cristae membranes. A model of structure-based ATP production predicts profound energy stress in older OHCs. 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