{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:41:25Z","timestamp":1791409285830,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,13]],"date-time":"2007-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Midbrain dopaminergic neurons projecting to the ventral striatum code for reward magnitude and probability during reward anticipation and then indicate the difference between actual and predicted outcome. It has been questioned whether such a common system for the prediction and evaluation of reward exists in humans. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a guessing task in two large cohorts, we are able to confirm ventral striatal responses coding both reward probability and magnitude during anticipation, permitting the local computation of expected value (EV). However, the ventral striatum only represented the gain-related part of EV (EV\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). At reward delivery, the same area shows a reward probability and magnitude-dependent prediction error signal, best modeled as the difference between actual outcome and EV\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . In contrast, loss-related expected value (EV\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and the associated prediction error was represented in the amygdala. Thus, the ventral striatum and the amygdala distinctively process the value of a prediction and subsequently compute a prediction error for gains and losses, respectively. Therefore, a homeostatic balance of both systems might be important for generating adequate expectations under uncertainty. Prevalence of either part might render expectations more positive or negative, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of mood disorders like major depression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2915-06.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]],"date-time":"2006-09-13T12:59:40Z","timestamp":1158152380000},"page":"9530-9537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":428,"title":["Dissociable Systems for Gain- and Loss-Related Value Predictions and Errors of Prediction in the Human Brain"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Yacubian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Gl\u00e4scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter F.","family":"Braus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00fcchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.001"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggleton JP (2000) The amygdala (Oxford UP, A functional analysis. Oxford).","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198505013.001.0001"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.05.020"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02793.2001","article-title":"Predictability modulates human brain response to reward","volume":"21","author":"Berns","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(96)00129-5","article-title":"The effects of gonadal steroids on brain stimulation reward in female rats","volume":"82","author":"Bless","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00303-8"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80476-6"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1514"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(02)00052-7"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.3.1.27"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj004"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0041692"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6159","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06159.2000","article-title":"Dissociable neural responses in human reward systems","volume":"20","author":"Elliott","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.10.010"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.05.011"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans AC Kamber M Collins DL Macdonald D (1994) in Magnetic resonance scanning and epilepsy, An MRI-based probabilistic atlas of neuroanatomy, eds Shorvon S Fish D Andermann F Bydder GM Stefan H (Plenum, New York), pp 263\u2013274.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2546-2_48"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077349"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102941"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial registration and normalization of images","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.06.008"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04851.1995","article-title":"The orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the primate basal ganglia","volume":"15","author":"Haber","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00626-8"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2937956"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahneman D Tversky A (2000) Choices, values, and frames (Cambridge UP, Cambridge).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803475"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0593"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens","volume-title":"J Neurosci","volume":"21","author":"Knutson","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112040-00016"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(02)00057-5"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0642-05.2005"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80475-4"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35084005"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.1.1.121","article-title":"Choice under uncertainty: problems solved and unsolved","volume":"1","author":"Machina","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Econ Perspect"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200409150-00025"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00154-5"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.005"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094285"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00169-7"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn802"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088105"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.40","unstructured":"Petry J (1996) Psychotherapie der Gl\u00fccksspielsucht (Beltz\/Psychologie Verlags Union, Weinheim)."},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.028"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9029","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-20-09029.1999","article-title":"Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex","volume":"19","author":"Rogers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.473"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1527"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.46","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1675"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105370"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.016"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978"},{"key":"2023041303205584000_26.37.9530.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00183-7"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2915-06.2006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T07:26:34Z","timestamp":1707204394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2915-06.2006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2915-06.2006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2915-06.2006","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1046929.496955","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]}}}