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Recording from identified SPNs in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of rat spinal cord slices, application of the GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline, but not gabazine, elicited a change in voltage that lasted for the duration of application. This response was mediated by a direct effect on SPNs since it persisted in tetrodotoxin and low Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/high Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and the amplitude of responses were related to Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>concentration in patch solutions. Such tonic inhibitory responses were not observed in interneurons, the other neuronal type in the IML, although ongoing IPSPs were antagonized in these neurons. The effects of bicuculline were enhanced by diazepam but not zolpidem or the GABA modulators THIP and THDOC suggesting a role for \u03b15 subunits. PCR using primers for the \u03b15 and \u03b4 subunits indicated the presence of \u03b15, but not \u03b4 subunits in the IML. Firing rates of SPNs were enhanced by bicuculline and decreased by diazepam indicating that this tonic inhibition has a profound effect on the excitability of SPNs. These data indicate a novel influence for controlling the activity of SPNs regardless of their function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2951-08.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,19]],"date-time":"2008-11-19T17:32:41Z","timestamp":1227115961000},"page":"12445-12452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Tonic GABAergic Inhibition of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons: A Novel Substrate for Sympathetic Control"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"LiHua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Spary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Deuchars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan 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