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Genetic deletion of \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u03b43 led to impaired auditory processing, with reduced acoustic startle and distorted auditory brainstem responses. \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u03b43<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice learned to discriminate pure tones, but they failed to discriminate temporally structured amplitude-modulated tones. Light and electron microscopy analyses revealed reduced levels of presynaptic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels and smaller auditory nerve fiber terminals contacting cochlear nucleus bushy cells. Juxtacellular<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>recordings of sound-evoked activity in \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u03b43<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice demonstrated impaired transmission at these synapses. Together, our results identify a novel role for the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u03b43 auxiliary subunit in the structure and function of specific synapses in the mammalian auditory pathway and in auditory processing disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3085-13.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T17:54:10Z","timestamp":1389203650000},"page":"434-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["\u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>\u03b43 Is Essential for Normal Structure and Function of Auditory Nerve Synapses and Is a Novel Candidate for Auditory Processing 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