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Here, we show that caspase-3 activity is essential\u2014and can act locally within neurons\u2014for regulation of spine density and dendrite morphology. By photostimulation of Mito-KillerRed, we induced caspase-3 activity in defined dendritic regions of cultured neurons. Within the photostimulated region, local elimination of dendritic spines and dendrite retraction occurred in a caspase-3-dependent manner without inducing cell death. However, pharmacological inhibition of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins or proteasome function led to neuronal death, suggesting that caspase activation is spatially restricted by these \u201cmolecular brakes\u201d on apoptosis. Caspase-3 knock-out mice have increased spine density and altered miniature EPSCs, confirming a physiological involvement of caspase-3 in the regulation of spines<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3121-13.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T17:55:03Z","timestamp":1391018103000},"page":"1672-1688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Local Pruning of Dendrites and Spines by Caspase-3-Dependent and Proteasome-Limited 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