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We used two-photon microscopy and whole-cell recording to measure changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) associated with spike-time-dependent plasticity in mouse striatum. Uncaging glutamate adjacent to a dendritic spine caused a postsynaptic potential at the soma and a rise in spine [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. Action potentials elicited at the soma raised both dendrite and spine [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. Pairing protocols in which glutamate uncaging preceded action potentials by 10 ms (pre-post protocol) produced supralinear increases in spine [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>compared with the sum of increases seen with uncaging and action potentials alone, or timing protocols in which the uncaging followed the action potentials (post-pre protocols). The supralinear component of the increases in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>were eliminated by the voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker nimodipine. In the adjacent parent dendrites, the increases in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>were neither supralinear nor sensitive to the relative pre-post timing. In parallel experiments, we investigated the effects of these pairing protocols on spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. Long-term depression (t-LTD) of corticostriatal inputs was induced by pre-post but not post-pre protocols. Intracellular calcium chelators and calcium antagonists blocked pre-post t-LTD, confirming that elevated calcium entering via voltage-sensitive calcium channels is necessary for t-LTD. These findings confirm a spine [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>threshold for induction of t-LTD in the corticostriatal pathway, mediated by the supralinear increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>associated with pre-post induction protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3206-11.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,7]],"date-time":"2011-09-07T18:54:38Z","timestamp":1315421678000},"page":"13015-13022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["A Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>Threshold for Induction of Spike-Timing-Dependent Depression in the Mouse Striatum"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Shindou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ochi-Shindou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery 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