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However, if the sciatic nerve is axotomized before injury of the dorsal column, injured axons can regenerate a short distance in the spinal cord. Here, we show that sciatic nerve transection results in time-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. This effect is specific to peripheral injuries and does not occur when the dorsal column is crushed. Sustained perineural infusion of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor AG490 to the proximal nerve stump can block STAT3 phosphorylation after sciatic nerve transection and results in reduced growth-associated protein 43 upregulation and compromised neurite outgrowth<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Importantly,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>perineural infusion of AG490 also significantly attenuates dorsal column axonal regeneration in the adult spinal cord after a preconditioning sciatic nerve transection. We conclude that STAT3 activation is necessary for increased growth ability of DRG neurons and improved axonal regeneration in the spinal cord after a conditioning injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3269-04.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T20:58:29Z","timestamp":1108587509000},"page":"1645-1653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":240,"title":["Conditioning Injury-Induced Spinal Axon Regeneration Requires Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B. 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