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A key untested prediction of this framework is that stress exerts dissociable effects on different stages of information processing. This study exploited the temporal resolution afforded by event-related potentials to disentangle the impact of stress on vigilance, indexed by early perceptual activity, from its impact on task-directed cognition, indexed by later postperceptual activity in humans. Results indicated that threat of shock amplified stress, measured using retrospective ratings and concurrent facial electromyography. Stress also double-dissociated early sensory-specific processing from later task-directed processing of emotionally neutral stimuli: stress amplified N1 (184\u2013236 ms) and attenuated P3 (316\u2013488 ms) activity. This demonstrates that stress can have strikingly different consequences at different processing stages. Consistent with recent suggestions, stress amplified earlier extrastriate activity in a manner consistent with vigilance for threat (N1), but disrupted later activity associated with the evaluation of task-relevant information (P3). These results provide a novel basis for understanding how stress can modulate information processing in everyday life and stress-sensitive disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3384-10.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T17:33:21Z","timestamp":1295458401000},"page":"1156-1161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Stress Potentiates Early and Attenuates Late Stages of Visual Processing"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Shackman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenton W.","family":"McMenamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence 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