{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:14:58Z","timestamp":1759032898813,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]],"date-time":"2015-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u201clocal bend response\u201d of the medicinal leech (<jats:italic>Hirudo verbana<\/jats:italic>) is a stimulus\u2013response pathway that enables the animal to bend away from a pressure stimulus applied anywhere along its body. The neuronal circuitry that supports this behavior has been well described, and its responses to individual stimuli are understood in quantitative detail. We probed the local bend system with pairs of electrical stimuli to sensory neurons that could not logically be interpreted as a single touch to the body wall and used multiple suction electrodes to record simultaneously the responses in large numbers of motor neurons. In all cases, responses lasted much longer than the stimuli that triggered them, implying the presence of some form of positive feedback loop to sustain the response. When stimuli were delivered simultaneously, the resulting motor neuron output could be described as an evenly weighted linear combination of the responses to the constituent stimuli. However, when stimuli were delivered sequentially, the second stimulus had greater impact on the motor neuron output, implying that the positive feedback in the system is not strong enough to render it immune to further input.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3823-14.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T18:29:28Z","timestamp":1423679368000},"page":"2398-2406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Responses to Conflicting Stimuli in a Simple Stimulus\u2013Response Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Pieter Laurens","family":"Baljon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6222-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Wagenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01263.2004"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.11.028"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103736"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.2.23"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(96)00050-7"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1487-10.2010"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.059618"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0971-11.2011"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.05.003"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.96.1.161","article-title":"Sensory and motor neurons responsible for the local bending response in leeches","volume":"96","author":"Kristan","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/34172"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-04-01571.1998","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of a directed behavior in the medicinal leech: Implications for organizing motor output","volume":"18","author":"Lewis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.5.2584","article-title":"Representation of touch location by a population of leech sensory neurons","volume":"80","author":"Lewis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304153008000_35.6.2398.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-06-01811.1990","article-title":"Distributed processing of sensory information in the leech: I. 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