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We can address this view by controlling afferent signals that reach the cerebellum over climbing and mossy fiber pathways. Vestibular primary afferents constitute the largest mossy fiber projection to the uvula-nodulus. The discharge of vestibular primary afferent mossy fibers increases during ipsilateral roll tilt. The discharge of SSs decreases during ipsilateral roll tilt. Climbing fiber discharge [complex spikes (CSs)] increases during ipsilateral roll tilt. These observations suggest that the modulation of SSs during vestibular stimulation cannot be attributed directly to vestibular mossy fiber afferents. Rather we suggest that interneurons driven by vestibular climbing fibers may determine SS modulation. We recorded from cerebellar interneurons (granule, unipolar brush, Golgi, stellate, basket, and Lugaro cells) and Purkinje cells in the uvula-nodulus of anesthetized mice during vestibular stimulation. We identified all neuronal types by juxtacellular labeling with neurobiotin. Granule, unipolar brush, stellate, and basket cells discharge in phase with ipsilateral roll tilt and in phase with CSs. Golgi cells discharge out of phase with ipsilateral roll tilt and out of phase with CSs. The phases of stellate and basket cell discharge suggests that their activity could account for the antiphasic behavior of CSs and SSs. Because Golgi cells discharge in phase with SSs, Golgi cell activity cannot account for SS modulation. The sagittal array of Golgi cell axon terminals suggests that they contribute to the organization of discrete parasagittal vestibular zones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3942-07.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]],"date-time":"2008-01-30T12:28:10Z","timestamp":1201696090000},"page":"1140-1152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Functions of Interneurons in Mouse Cerebellum"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Neal H.","family":"Barmack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Yakhnitsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90375-3"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1964.27.6.1138","article-title":"Postsynaptic inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"27","author":"Andersen","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017130","article-title":"Discharges of interpositus and Purkinje cells of the cat cerebellum during locomotion under different conditions","volume":"400","author":"Armstrong","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012745","article-title":"Activity patterns of cerebellar cortical neurones and climbing fibre afferents in the awake cat","volume":"289","author":"Armstrong","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.6.2573","article-title":"Vestibular and visual signals evoked in the uvula-nodulus of the rabbit cerebellum by natural stimulation","volume":"74","author":"Barmack","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.6.3559","article-title":"Vestibular signals in the parasolitary nucleus","volume":"83","author":"Barmack","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7904","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-21-07904.2003","article-title":"Cerebellar climbing fibers modulate simple spikes in cerebellar Purkinje cells","volume":"23","author":"Barmack","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903270405"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230288","article-title":"Activity of neurons in the beta nucleus of the inferior olive of the rabbit evoked by natural vestibular stimulation","volume":"94","author":"Barmack","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9742","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-30-09742.2003","article-title":"Cerebellar signatures of vestibulo-ocular reflex motor learning","volume":"23","author":"Blazquez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1971.34.1.17","article-title":"Action of climbing fibers in cerebellar cortex of the cat","volume":"34","author":"Bloedel","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041303295359000_28.5.1140.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235248","article-title":"The length of parallel fibers in the cat cerebellar cortex. 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