{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:47:51Z","timestamp":1792000071944,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"45","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,5]],"date-time":"2009-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The G90D rhodopsin mutation is known to produce congenital night blindness in humans. This mutation produces a similar condition in mice, because rods of animals heterozygous (D+) or homozygous (D+\/+) for this mutation have decreased dark current and sensitivity, reduced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and accelerated values of \u03c4<jats:sub>REC<\/jats:sub>and \u03c4<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub>, similar to light-adapted wild-type (WT) rods. Our experiments indicate that G90D pigment activates the cascade, producing an equivalent background light of \u223c130 Rh* rod<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for D+ and 890 Rh* rod<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>for D+\/+. The active species of the G90D pigment could be unregenerated G90D opsin or G90D rhodopsin, either spontaneously activated (as Rh*) or in some other form. Addition of 11-<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-retinal in lipid vesicles, which produces regeneration of both WT and G90D opsin in intact rods and ROS membranes, had no effect on the waveform or sensitivity of dark-adapted G90D responses, indicating that the active species is not G90D opsin. The noise spectra of dark-adapted G90D and WT rods are similar, and the G90D noise variance is much less than of a WT rod exposed to background light of about the same intensity as the G90D equivalent light, indicating that Rh* is not the active species. We hypothesize that G90D rhodopsin undergoes spontaneous changes in molecular conformation which activate the transduction cascade with low gain. Our experiments provide the first indication that a mutant form of the rhodopsin molecule bound to its 11-<jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>-chromophore can stimulate the visual cascade spontaneously at a rate large enough to produce visual dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4006-08.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,5]],"date-time":"2008-11-05T18:42:03Z","timestamp":1225910523000},"page":"11662-11672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Night Blindness and the Mechanism of Constitutive Signaling of Mutant G90D Rhodopsin"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Dizhoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Olshevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne C.","family":"Cilluffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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