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We have studied mitochondrial distribution within developing mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells and have found that active delivery of mitochondria into their dendrites is a prerequisite for proper dendritic outgrowth. Even when mitochondria in the Purkinje cell bodies are functioning normally, interrupting the transport of mitochondria into their dendrites severely disturbs dendritic growth. Additionally, we find that the growth of atrophic dendrites lacking mitochondria can be rescued by activating ATP-phosphocreatine exchange mediated by creatine kinase (CK). Conversely, inhibiting cytosolic CKs decreases dendritic ATP levels and also disrupts dendrite development. Mechanistically, this energy depletion appears to perturb normal actin dynamics and enhance the aggregation of cofilin within growing dendrites, reminiscent of what occurs in neurons overexpressing the dephosphorylated form of cofilin. These results suggest that local ATP synthesis by dendritic mitochondria and ATP-phosphocreatine exchange act synergistically to sustain the cytoskeletal dynamics necessary for dendritic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4115-14.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]],"date-time":"2015-04-08T16:35:34Z","timestamp":1428510934000},"page":"5707-5723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Synergistic Action of Dendritic Mitochondria and Creatine Kinase Maintains ATP Homeostasis and Actin Dynamics in Growing Neuronal Dendrites"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kansai","family":"Fukumitsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Fujishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azumi","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You Kure","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Heuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1666-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mineko","family":"Kengaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.1","unstructured":"Altman J Bayer SA (1995) An atlas of the developing rat brain (CRC, Boca Raton, FL)."},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.02.035"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200110000-00001"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200438200"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00002.2003","article-title":"Actin-ATP hydrolysis is a major energy drain for neurons","volume":"23","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00066.2006"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(00)00084-5"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(96)00018-7"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0741968.x"},{"key":"2023041304162659000_35.14.5707.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45859-0","article-title":"The active site of creatine kinase. 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