{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:58:37Z","timestamp":1789390717722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study addresses the role of the circadian system in day\u2013night changes of respiratory functions in the mouse. In all airway tissues investigated (i.e., larynx, trachea, bronchus, and lung), we observed clear rhythmic expression of the<jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Bmal1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Clock<\/jats:italic>core oscillator genes (the latter two genes oscillating in antiphase with the<jats:italic>Per<\/jats:italic>genes), as well as the clock-regulated<jats:italic>Dbp<\/jats:italic>gene. Oscillations were abolished in arrhythmic<jats:italic>Cry1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Cry2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>knock-out mice and after lesioning of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in wild-type animals. These findings indicate that respiratory system cells contain a functional peripheral oscillator that is controlled by the SCN. Furthermore, we found that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes<jats:italic>Chm2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Chm3<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Chm4<\/jats:italic>are expressed in a circadian manner, and that mucin secretion (rather than synthesis) by the airway submucosal glands is under circadian control. Signals from the SCN are mainly transmitted by the vagal nerve because unilateral vagotomy completely abolished rhythms in mucin and PER2 protein levels in the (operated) ipsilateral side of the submucosal glands, but not in the (intact) contralateral side. Thus, peripheral clock mediated circadian expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proteins, and parasympathetic signaling between SCN and respiratory tissues are essential gears in conferring circadian \u201ctime\u201d information to airway glands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4131-06.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,18]],"date-time":"2007-04-18T16:48:03Z","timestamp":1176914883000},"page":"4359-4365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Vagal Regulation of Respiratory Clocks in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hideki","family":"Bando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gijsbertus T. 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