{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:03:02Z","timestamp":1789819382937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]],"date-time":"2007-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1187049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protects the adult brain after cerebral ischemia. However, the role of MMP-9 in the immature brain after hypoxia\u2013ischemia (HI) is unknown. We exposed MMP-9\n                    <jats:sup>(\u2212\/\u2212)<\/jats:sup>\n                    [MMP-9 knock-out (KO)] and wild-type (WT) mice to HI on postnatal day 9. HI was induced by unilateral ligation of the left carotid artery followed by hypoxia (10% O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; 36\u00b0C). Gelatin zymography showed that MMP-9 activity was transiently increased at 24 h after HI in the ipsilateral hemisphere and MMP-9-positive cells were colocalized with activated microglia. Seven days after 50 min of HI, cerebral tissue volume loss was reduced in MMP-9 KO (21.8 \u00b1 1.7 mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22) compared with WT (32.3 \u00b1 2.1 mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) pups, and loss of white-matter components was reduced in MMP-9 KO compared with WT pups (neurofilament: WT, 50.9 \u00b1 5.4%; KO, 18.4 \u00b1 3.1%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001; myelin basic protein: WT, 57.5 \u00b1 5.8%; KO, 23.2 \u00b1 3.5%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0001). The neuropathological changes were associated with a delayed and diminished leakage of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) and a decrease in inflammation in MMP-9-deficient animals. In contrast, the neuroprotective effects after HI in MMP-9-deficient animals were not linked to either caspase-dependent (caspase-3 and cytochrome\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) or caspase-independent (apoptosis-inducing factor) processes. This study demonstrates that excessive activation of MMP-9 is deleterious to the immature brain, which is associated with the degree of BBB leakage and inflammation. In contrast, apoptosis does not appear to be a major contributing factor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4391-06.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,14]],"date-time":"2007-02-14T11:35:10Z","timestamp":1171452910000},"page":"1511-1518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Knock-out Protects the Immature Brain after Cerebral 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