{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T05:58:42Z","timestamp":1794376722888,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We comparatively analyzed cellular and circuit properties of identified rhythmic excitatory and inhibitory interneurons within respiratory microcircuits of the neonatal rodent pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex (pre-B\u00f6tC), the structure generating inspiratory rhythm in the brainstem. We combined high-resolution structural\u2013functional imaging, molecular assays for neurotransmitter phenotype identification in conjunction with electrophysiological property phenotyping, and morphological reconstruction of interneurons in neonatal rat and mouse slices\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This approach revealed previously undifferentiated structural\u2013functional features that distinguish excitatory and inhibitory interneuronal populations. We identified distinct subpopulations of pre-B\u00f6tC glutamatergic, glycinergic, GABAergic, and glycine-GABA coexpressing interneurons. Most commissural pre-B\u00f6tC inspiratory interneurons were glutamatergic, with a substantial subset exhibiting intrinsic oscillatory bursting properties. Commissural excitatory interneurons projected with nearly planar trajectories to the contralateral pre-B\u00f6tC, many also with axon collaterals to areas containing inspiratory hypoglossal (XII) premotoneurons and motoneurons. Inhibitory neurons as characterized in the present study did not exhibit intrinsic oscillatory bursting properties, but were electrophysiologically distinguished by more pronounced spike frequency adaptation properties. Axons of many inhibitory neurons projected ipsilaterally also to regions containing inspiratory XII premotoneurons and motoneurons, whereas a minority of inhibitory neurons had commissural axonal projections. Dendrites of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons were arborized asymmetrically, primarily in the coronal plane. The dendritic fields of inhibitory neurons were more spatially compact than those of excitatory interneurons. Our results are consistent with the concepts of a compartmental circuit organization, a bilaterally coupled excitatory rhythmogenic kernel, and a role of pre-B\u00f6tC inhibitory neurons in shaping inspiratory pattern as well as coordinating inspiratory and expiratory activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4427-12.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T12:38:14Z","timestamp":1360759094000},"page":"2994-3009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Structural-Functional Properties of Identified Excitatory and Inhibitory Interneurons within Pre-B\u00f6tzinger Complex Respiratory Microcircuits"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hidehiko","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Koshiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine X.","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304015052000_33.7.2994.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.07.014"},{"key":"2023041304015052000_33.7.2994.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2622"},{"key":"2023041304015052000_33.7.2994.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.1.382","article-title":"Models of respiratory rhythm generation in the pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex. 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