{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:33:40Z","timestamp":1792672420101,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Muscle tone abnormalities are associated with many CNS pathologies and severely limit recovery of motor control. Muscle tone depends on the level of excitability of spinal motoneurons and interneurons. The present study investigated the following hypotheses: (1) direct current flowing from spinal cord to sciatic nerve [spinal-to-sciatic direct current stimulation (DCS)] would inhibit spinal motor neurons and interneurons, hence reducing muscle tone; and (2) direct current flowing in the opposite direction (sciatic-to-spinal DCS) would excite spinal motor neurons and interneurons, hence increasing muscle tone. Current intensity was biased to be \u223c170 times greater at the spinal column than at the sciatic nerve. The results showed marked effects of DCS on muscle tone. In controls and mice with spinal cord injuries with spasticity, spinal-to-sciatic DCS reduced transit and steady stretch-induced nerve and muscle responses. Sciatic-to-spinal DCS caused opposite effects. These findings provide the first direct evidence that trans-spinal DCS can alter muscle tone and suggest that this approach could be used to reduce both hypotonia and hypertonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4445-13.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T17:55:03Z","timestamp":1391018103000},"page":"1701-1709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation Alters Muscle Tone in Mice with and without Spinal Cord Injury with Spasticity"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zaghloul","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101757"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02364272"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01390.2010"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4930-12.2013"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2793-13.2013"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00967.2011"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1938.sp003603","article-title":"The interpretation of potential changes in the spinal cord","volume":"92","author":"Barron","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.4.1972","article-title":"Evidence for plateau potentials in tail motoneurons of awake chronic spinal rats with spasticity","volume":"86","author":"Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150260338029"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827624a7"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.6.1202","article-title":"Soleus motor units in chronic spinal transected cats: physiological and morphological alterations","volume":"55","author":"Cope","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.044"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006920","article-title":"The effect of electric polarization of the spinal cord on central afferent fibres and on their excitatory synaptic action","volume":"162","author":"Eccles","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309343213"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005224","article-title":"Direct current stimulation of motoneurones","volume":"126","author":"Fuortes","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/92.3.621"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.01.017"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(1997)6+<92::AID-MUS7>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Traditional pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Part II: General and regional treatments","author":"Gracies","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20261"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00979.2001"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.04.023"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.22","first-page":"144","article-title":"Spastic hypertonia: mechanisms and measurement","volume":"70","author":"Katz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.23","unstructured":"Lance JW (1980) in Symposium synopsis, Spasticity: disordered motor control, eds Feldman RG Young RR Koella WP (Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago)."},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.1348"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1951.sp004574","article-title":"Effects of direct currents on the electrical activity of the spinal cord","volume":"113","author":"Marsan","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.26","unstructured":"Matthews PBC (1972) Mammalian muscle spindles and their central actions (Arnold, London)."},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.10.020"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00859.2010"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.01.017"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.9.1315","article-title":"Dynamics of postural control in the child with Down syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Shumway-Cook","year":"1985","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.31","unstructured":"Subramony SH Ashizawa T (1993) in GeneReviews, Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, eds Pagon RA Adam MP Bird TD Dolan CR Fong CT Stephens K (University of Washington, Seattle WA) Available at http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK1184\/ ."},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.024"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5004","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-13-05004.1997","article-title":"Stretch hyperreflexia of triceps surae muscles in the conscious cat after dorsolateral spinal lesions","volume":"17","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.34","first-page":"2273","article-title":"Velocity-dependent ankle torque in the normal rat","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"2023041304090776000_34.5.1701.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.154"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4445-13.2014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T21:59:40Z","timestamp":1681423180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4445-13.2014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4445-13.2014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.4445-13.2014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]]}}}