{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:24:53Z","timestamp":1791221093430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,18]],"date-time":"2012-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, which are effective treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), enhance brain dopamine signaling. However, the relationship between regional brain dopamine enhancement and treatment response has not been evaluated. Here, we assessed whether the dopamine increases elicited by methylphenidate are associated with long-term clinical response. We used a prospective design to study 20 treatment-naive adults with ADHD who were evaluated before treatment initiation and after 12 months of clinical treatment with a titrated regimen of oral methylphenidate. Methylphenidate-induced dopamine changes were evaluated with positron emission tomography and [\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    C]raclopride (D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor radioligand sensitive to competition with endogenous dopamine). Clinical responses were assessed using the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale and revealed a significant reduction in symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity with long-term methylphenidate treatment. A challenge dose of 0.5 mg\/kg intravenous methylphenidate significantly increased dopamine in striatum (assessed as decreases in D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor availability). In the ventral striatum, these dopamine increases were associated with the reductions in ratings of symptoms of inattention with clinical treatment. Statistical parametric mapping additionally showed dopamine increases in prefrontal and temporal cortices with intravenous methylphenidate that were also associated with decreases in symptoms of inattention. Our findings indicate that dopamine enhancement in ventral striatum (the brain region involved with reward and motivation) was associated with therapeutic response to methylphenidate, further corroborating the relevance of the dopamine reward\/motivation circuitry in ADHD. It also provides preliminary evidence that methylphenidate-elicited dopamine increases in prefrontal and temporal cortices may also contribute to the clinical response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4461-11.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T14:02:25Z","timestamp":1326895345000},"page":"841-849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Methylphenidate-Elicited Dopamine Increases in Ventral Striatum Are Associated with Long-Term Symptom Improvement in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Nora D.","family":"Volkow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene-Jack","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dardo","family":"Tomasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott H.","family":"Kollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim L.","family":"Wigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Newcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Telang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna S.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00508803"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8051(95)00042-V"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200923000-00005"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.12.1386"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.16"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04599.x"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.009"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n0106"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130407"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.05.005"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.004"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.034389"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-2-40"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.43.050802.112309"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)63001-2"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.17","unstructured":"Guy W (2000) in Handbook of psychiatric measures, Clinical global impression (CGI) scale, eds Rush AJ First MB Blacker D (American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC)."},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198705000-00014","article-title":"Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a specific hypothesis of reward dysfunction","volume":"26","author":"Haenlein","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.017"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02850007"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66020589.x"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.4.716"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.03.010"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68052032.x"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.022"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.127"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701762"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700022009080"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819c23d0"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600339"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00389.2002","article-title":"Dopamine uptake through the norepinephrine transporter in brain regions with low levels of the dopamine transporter: evidence from knock-out mouse lines","volume":"22","author":"Mor\u00f3n","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200002000-00018"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10526"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318174f92a"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.11.031"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1242819"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.08.013"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60720-6","article-title":"Cellular and subcellular localization of the dopamine transporter in rat cortex","volume":"42","author":"Sesack","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.387"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.274"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054708319525"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.141713"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01851.x"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890160402"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386830a0"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1325","article-title":"Dopamine transporter occupancies in the human brain induced by therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate","volume":"155","author":"Volkow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC121","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-02-j0001.2001","article-title":"Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain","volume":"21","author":"Volkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10038"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1173"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.8.932"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1443-08.2008"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1308"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.97"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199605000-00020"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.061341"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.59","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Reproducibility of repeated measures of endogenous dopamine competition with [11C]raclopride in the human brain in response to methylphenidate","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2023041303543063000_32.3.841.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00965-0"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4461-11.2012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T16:53:38Z","timestamp":1681404818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4461-11.2012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4461-11.2012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.4461-11.2012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]}}}