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Acute administration of ethanol reduced the frequency of transient Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>elevations in migrating neurons and cGMP levels and increased cAMP levels. Experimental manipulations of these second-messenger pathways, through stimulating Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and cGMP signaling or inhibiting cAMP signaling, completely reversed the action of ethanol on neuronal migration<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>as well as<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Each second messenger has multiple but distinct downstream targets, including Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, calcineurin, protein phosphatase 1, Rho GTPase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. These results demonstrate that the aberrant migration of immature neurons in the fetal brain caused by maternal alcohol consumption may be corrected by controlling the activity of these second-messenger pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4478-05.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]],"date-time":"2006-01-18T20:03:05Z","timestamp":1137614585000},"page":"742-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Reversal of Neuronal Migration in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome by Controlling Second-Messenger Signalings"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Kumada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madepalli K.","family":"Lakshmana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Komuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.06.003"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E02-01-0005"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13264"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm911"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1155"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970220204"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90308-6"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504146200"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-03139.1994","volume":"14","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.10","first-page":"427","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000094941.96358.d1"},{"key":"2023041303162538000_26.3.742.12","unstructured":"Clarren SK (1986) Neuropathology in fetal alcohol syndrome. 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