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We used a murine<jats:italic>RGMb<\/jats:italic>knock-out to gain insight into the physiological role of RGMb in the DRG, and address whether RGMb-mediated modulation of BMP signaling influences sensory axon regeneration. No evidence for altered development of the PNS and CNS was detected in<jats:italic>RGMb<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. However, both cultured neonatal whole DRG explants and dissociated DRG neurons from<jats:italic>RGMb<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice exhibited significantly fewer and shorter neurites than those from wild-type littermates, a phenomenon that could be fully rescued by BMP-2. Moreover, Noggin, an endogenous BMP signaling antagonist, inhibited neurite outgrowth in wild-type DRG explants from naive as well as nerve injury-preconditioned mice. Noggin is downregulated in the DRG after nerve injury, and its expression is highly correlated and inversely associated with the known regeneration-associated genes, which are induced in the DRG by peripheral axonal injury. We show that diminished BMP signaling<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, achieved either through<jats:italic>RGMb<\/jats:italic>deletion or BMP inhibition with Noggin, retarded early axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury. Our data suggest a positive modulatory contribution of<jats:italic>RGMb<\/jats:italic>and BMP signaling to neurite extension<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and early axonal regrowth after nerve injury<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and a negative effect of Noggin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4550-11.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]],"date-time":"2011-12-14T17:58:06Z","timestamp":1323885486000},"page":"18391-18400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["The BMP Coreceptor RGMb Promotes While the Endogenous BMP Antagonist Noggin Reduces Neurite Outgrowth and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Modulating BMP Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Chi H. 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