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These mutant mice exhibited spontaneous circling\/tilted behaviors and performed poorly in several vestibular\u2013motor function tests. In addition, video-oculography revealed a complete loss of the maculo-ocular reflex and a significant reduction in the horizontal angular vestibulo-ocular reflex, indicating that detection of both linear acceleration and angular rotation were compromised in the mutants. Consistent with these behavioral and functional deficiencies, morphological anomalies, characterized by a smaller vestibular organ with thinner semicircular canals and a significant reduction in the number of otoconia in the saccule and the utricle, were consistently observed in the<jats:italic>Raldh3<\/jats:italic>mutants. The loss of otoconia in the mutants may be attributed, at least in part, to significantly reduced expression of<jats:italic>Otop1<\/jats:italic>, which encodes a protein known to be involved in calcium regulation in the otolithic organs. Our data thus reveal a previously unrecognized role of<jats:italic>Raldh3<\/jats:italic>in structural and functional development of the vestibular end organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4618-12.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T16:34:13Z","timestamp":1364402053000},"page":"5856-5866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Retinoic Acid Deficiency Impairs the Vestibular Function"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Raymond","family":"Romand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Krezel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Beraneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cammas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Fraulob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Messaddeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Hashino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Doll\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21460"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1943.sp003995","article-title":"Discharges from vestibular receptors in the cat","volume":"101","author":"Adrian","year":"1943","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00147.2005"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125555"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7201","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07201.1995","article-title":"Differential processing of semicircular canal signals in the vestibulo-ocular reflex","volume":"15","author":"Angelaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(80)80021-4"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00244.2003"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00590.2007"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040414"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20040525"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-006-0031-1"},{"key":"2023041304030194000_33.13.5856.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter RJ Morton J Dunnett SB (2001) Motor coordination and balance in rodents. 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