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Previous fMRI results were replicated, demonstrating that this learning recruited the left insula\/frontal operculum and the left superior parietal lobe, among other areas of the brain. Crucially, resting-state FC (rs-FC) between these two areas at pretraining predicted individual differences in learning outcomes after distributed (Experiment 1) and intensive training (Experiment 2). Furthermore, this rs-FC was reduced at posttraining, a change that may also account for learning. Finally, resting-state network analyses showed that the mechanism underlying this reduction of rs-FC was mainly a transfer in intrinsic activity of the left frontal operculum\/anterior insula from the left frontoparietal network to the salience network. Thus, rs-FC may contribute to predict learning ability and to understand how learning modifies the functioning of the brain. The discovery of this correspondence between initial spontaneous brain activity in task-related areas and posttraining performance opens new avenues to find predictors of learning capacities in the brain using task-related fMRI and rs-fMRI combined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4655-12.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T16:28:54Z","timestamp":1369844934000},"page":"9295-9305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Spontaneous Brain Activity Predicts Learning Ability of Foreign 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