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Monkeys learned 300 unique scene discriminations preoperatively and retention was assessed in a one-trial preoperative retrieval test. Bilateral neurotoxic lesions of the MDmc, produced by 10 \u00d7 1 \u03bcl injections of a mixture of ibotenate and NMDA did not affect performance in the postoperative one-trial retrieval test. In contrast, new postoperative learning of a further 100 novel scene discriminations was substantially impaired. Thus, MDmc is required for new learning of scene discriminations but not for their retention and retrieval. 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