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Whether these therapeutic effects of gonadal steroids encompass neuroprotection from axotomy-induced cell death is the focus of the present study. Virtually 100% of adult hamster facial motoneurons (FMNs) survive axotomy at the stylomastoid foramen (SMF), whereas, before postnatal day 15 (P15), developing FMNs undergo substantial axotomy-induced cell death. The first part of the present study focuses on determining when ARs are first expressed in developing hamster FMNs. Using AR immunocytochemistry, it was found that males express ARs by P2 and females by P4, which is the earliest demonstration of AR expression in mammalian motoneurons reported thus far in the literature. The second half examines the neuroprotective effects of testosterone propionate, 17-\u03b2 estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone on FMNs of P7 hamsters after facial nerve transection at the SMF. 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This study is the first to investigate the effects of both androgens and estrogens on axotomy-induced cell death in one system and, with our previously published work, to validate the hamster FMN injury paradigm as a model of choice in the investigation of both neurotherapeutic and neuroprotective actions of gonadal steroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5279-04.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,20]],"date-time":"2005-04-20T15:08:09Z","timestamp":1114009689000},"page":"4004-4013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Gonadal Steroid Attenuation of Developing Hamster Facial Motoneuron Loss by Axotomy: Equal Efficacy of Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, and 17-\u03b2 Estradiol"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Christopher 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