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Imaging of exocytosis from isolated retinal neurons, however, has revealed ectopic release (i.e., release away from ribbons) in significant quantities. Here, we demonstrate in an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse retinal slice preparation that ribbon-independent release from rod bipolar cells activates postsynaptic AMPARs on AII amacrine cells. This form of release appears to draw on a unique, ribbon-independent, vesicle pool. Experimental, anatomical, and computational analyses indicate that it is elicited by a significant, global elevation of intraterminal [Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] arising following local buffer saturation. Our observations support the conclusion that ribbon-independent release provides a read-out of the average behavior of all of the active zones in a rod bipolar cell's terminal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5324-13.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T12:37:52Z","timestamp":1398861472000},"page":"6233-6244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Global Ca\n                    <sup>2+<\/sup>\n                    Signaling Drives Ribbon-Independent Synaptic Transmission at Rod Bipolar Cell 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