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Other research indicates that the amnestic drug midazolam impairs recollection more than familiarity. Here, we used a convergent pharmacological and electrophysiological approach to manipulate and monitor human brain activity and provide evidence for separate processes. Midazolam selectively influenced the putative ERP-correlate of recollection but not the putative ERP-correlate of familiarity. Under control conditions (saline), subjects\u2019 accuracy correlated with the recollection-related but not the familiarity-related ERP component, suggesting that recollection was dominant in driving memory. The opposite pattern was observed under midazolam administration, suggesting that when recollection fails, subjects may leverage familiarity to compensate. Thus, in contrast to perspectives holding that familiarity represents the default process, these results suggest that recollection was dominant until its impairment unveiled the influence of familiarity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5370-05.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]],"date-time":"2006-02-15T11:52:49Z","timestamp":1140004369000},"page":"1979-1985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Combined Pharmacological and Electrophysiological Dissociation of Familiarity and Recollection"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Curran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"DeBuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brion","family":"Woroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Hirshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303165175000_26.7.1979.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03209340"},{"key":"2023041303165175000_26.7.1979.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.011"},{"key":"2023041303165175000_26.7.1979.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00192-1"},{"key":"2023041303165175000_26.7.1979.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00116"},{"key":"2023041303165175000_26.7.1979.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curran T, Tepe KL, Piatt C (2006) ERP explorations of dual processes in recognition memory. 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