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We found that popular members of several different families of voltage-sensitive dyes modulate GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor with maximum efficacy and potency similar to clinically used GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor modulators. Di-4-ANEPPS and DiBAC4(3) potentiated GABA function with micromolar and high nanomolar potency, respectively, and yielded strong maximum effects similar to barbiturates and neurosteroids. Newer blue oxonols had biphasic effects on GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor function at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations, with maximum potentiation comparable to that of saturating benzodiazepine effects. ANNINE-6 and ANNINE-6plus had no detectable effect on GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor function. Even dyes with no activity on GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors at baseline induced photodynamic enhancement of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors. The basal effects of dyes were sufficient to prolong IPSCs and to dampen network activity in multielectrode array recordings. Therefore, the dual effects of voltage-sensitive dyes on GABAergic inhibition require caution in dye use for studies of excitability and network activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5607-09.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,24]],"date-time":"2010-02-24T18:28:22Z","timestamp":1267036102000},"page":"2871-2879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Diverse Voltage-Sensitive Dyes Modulate GABA<sub>A<\/sub>Receptor 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