{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:01:22Z","timestamp":1782831682204,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,27]],"date-time":"2009-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides are widely distributed throughout the neuraxis, including regions associated with energy balance. CART's classification as a catabolic neuropeptide is based on its inhibitory effects on feeding, coexpression with arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin neurons, and on limited analysis of its energy expenditure effects. Here, we investigate whether (1) caudal brainstem delivery of CART produces energetic, cardiovascular, and glycemic effects, (2) forebrain\u2013caudal brainstem neural communication is required for those effects, and (3) glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) contribute to the mediation of CART-induced effects. Core temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), activity, and blood glucose were measured in rats injected fourth intracerebroventricularly with CART (0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 \u03bcg). Food was withheld during physiologic recording and returned for overnight measurement of intake and body weight. CART induced a long-lasting (&gt;6 h) hypothermia: a 1.5\u00b0C and 1.6\u00b0C drop in Tc for the 1.0 and 2.0 \u03bcg doses. Hindbrain CART application reduced food intake and body weight and increased blood glucose levels; no change in HR or activity was observed. Supracollicular decerebration eliminated the hypothermic response observed in intact rats to hindbrain ventricular CART, suggesting that forebrain processing is required for hypothermia. Pretreatment with the GLP-1R antagonist (exendin-9\u201339) in control rats attenuated CART hypothermia and hypophagia, indicating that GLP-1R activation contributes to hypothermic and hypophagic effects of hindbrain CART, whereas CART-induced hyperglycemia was not altered by GLP-1R blockade. Data reveal a novel function of CART in temperature regulation and open possibilities for future studies on the clinical potential of the hypothermic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.6144-08.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]],"date-time":"2009-05-27T17:39:57Z","timestamp":1243445997000},"page":"6973-6981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Hindbrain Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Induces Hypothermia Mediated by GLP-1 Receptors"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Karolina P.","family":"Skibicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber L.","family":"Alhadeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey J.","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.142.8.3457"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1613","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.6.R1613","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular CART peptide reduces rat ingestive behavior and alters licking microstructure","volume":"280","author":"Aja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1862","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R1862","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular CART peptide reduces food intake and alters motor behavior at a hindbrain site","volume":"281","author":"Aja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.116.5.918"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.07.003"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02250-3"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00604.2003"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01977-0"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13506"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/npep.2002.0890"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020222700603","article-title":"Decrease of core body temperature in mice by dehydroepiandrosterone","volume":"227","author":"Catalina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1455"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00012-1"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00832.x"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(96)88651-3"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)00935-6"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(01)00267-X","article-title":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide-immunoreactivity in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons of immature rats","volume":"131","author":"Dun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.9.3072"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1214"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91072-8"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.663655"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408665200"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1743"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1319"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.90.3.800-802"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.07.077"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e318154bb79","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia for global and focal ischemic brain injury\u2013a cool way to improve neurologic outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Hoesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2004.02.001"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.03.034"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00291-4"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2008.05.006"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0805fje"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1997.00651.x"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980202)391:1<115::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/29993"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00096-3"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.8.1255"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2027"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6264602"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2493"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207781368756"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1754"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00665.2002"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.366"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03312-6"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(98)00110-1"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.2722"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01349-3"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC5","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-10-j0006.1999","article-title":"Neurochemical characterization of hypothalamic cocaine- amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons","volume":"19","author":"Vrang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009280-00040"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602932103"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215595"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.03.023"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03256-X"},{"key":"2023041303382767000_29.21.6973.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03640-5"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6144-08.2009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T19:18:41Z","timestamp":1681413521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6144-08.2009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6144-08.2009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.6144-08.2009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]]}}}