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How this process is orchestrated at the synaptic level remains unknown. In the present study, MOC firing was evoked by electrical stimulation in an isolated mouse cochlear preparation, while OHCs postsynaptic responses were monitored by whole-cell recordings. These recordings confirmed that electrically evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) are mediated solely by \u03b19\u03b110 nAChRs functionally coupled to calcium-activated SK2 channels. Synaptic release occurred with low probability when MOC\u2013OHC synapses were stimulated at 1 Hz. However, as the stimulation frequency was raised, the reliability of release increased due to presynaptic facilitation. In addition, the relatively slow decay of eIPSCs gave rise to temporal summation at stimulation frequencies &gt;10 Hz. The combined effect of facilitation and summation resulted in a frequency-dependent increase in the average amplitude of inhibitory currents in OHCs. Thus, we have demonstrated that short-term plasticity is responsible for shaping MOC inhibition and, therefore, encodes the transfer function from efferent firing frequency to the gain of the cochlear amplifier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.6788-10.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T17:02:13Z","timestamp":1318438933000},"page":"14763-14774","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Regulates the Level of Olivocochlear Inhibition to Auditory Hair Cells"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jimena","family":"Ballestero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Zorrilla de San Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Goutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Elgoyhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10380"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015480","article-title":"Efferent desensitization of auditory nerve fibre responses in the cochlea of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans","volume":"356","author":"Art","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015481","article-title":"Synaptic hyperpolarization and inhibition of turtle cochlear hair cells","volume":"356","author":"Art","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2006"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5661","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-18-05661.1996","article-title":"Determinants of the time course of facilitation at the granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse","volume":"16","author":"Atluri","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-3-00003.x"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(94)90097-3"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.14.5359"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90103-2"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015396","article-title":"Efferent control of cochlear inner hair cell responses in the guinea-pig","volume":"354","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041303525847000_31.41.14763.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.6.3077","article-title":"Single olivocochlear neurons in the guinea pig. 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