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By using resonance energy transfer techniques in transfected mammalian cells, we demonstrated the existence of heteromers between the dopamine D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like receptors (D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and D<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>) and galanin Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, but not Gal<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptors. Within the D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2013Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and D<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\u2013Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor heteromers, dopamine receptor activation potentiated and dopamine receptor blockade counteracted MAPK activation induced by stimulation of Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptors, whereas Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor activation or blockade did not modify D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like receptor-mediated MAPK activation. Ability of a D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like receptor antagonist to block galanin-induced MAPK activation (cross-antagonism) was used as a \u201cbiochemical fingerprint\u201d of D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like\u2013Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor heteromers, allowing their identification in the rat ventral hippocampus. The functional role of D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like\u2013Gal receptor heteromers was demonstrated in synaptosomes from rat ventral hippocampus, where galanin facilitated acetylcholine release, but only with costimulation of D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like receptors. Electrophysiological experiments in rat ventral hippocampal slices showed that these receptor interactions modulate hippocampal synaptic transmission. Thus, a D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like receptor agonist that was ineffective when administered alone turned an inhibitory effect of galanin into an excitatory effect, an interaction that required cholinergic neurotransmission. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that D<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-like\u2013Gal<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor heteromers act as processors that integrate signals of two different neurotransmitters, dopamine and galanin, to modulate hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0191-11.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T16:53:15Z","timestamp":1305737595000},"page":"7412-7423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Dopamine\u2013Galanin Receptor Heteromers Modulate Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Rat Ventral Hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra 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