{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T03:32:34Z","timestamp":1764905554783},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bayesian statistics defines how new information, given by a likelihood, should be combined with previously acquired information, given by a prior distribution. Many experiments have shown that humans make use of such priors in cognitive, perceptual, and motor tasks, but where do priors come from? As people never experience the same situation twice, they can only construct priors by generalizing from similar past experiences. Here we examine the generalization of priors over stochastic visuomotor perturbations in reaching experiments. In particular, we look into how the first two moments of the prior\u2014the mean and variance (uncertainty)\u2014generalize. We find that uncertainty appears to generalize differently from the mean of the prior, and an interesting asymmetry arises when the mean and the uncertainty are manipulated simultaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3882-13.2014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,8]],"date-time":"2014-09-08T22:26:19Z","timestamp":1410215179000},"page":"11470-11484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Generalization of Prior Uncertainty during Reaching"],"prefix":"10.1523","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hugo L.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Vilares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Konrad P.","family":"Kording","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"393","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2229"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012686"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1928-12.2012"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5551-09.2010"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.01.027"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2008.20.1.91"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5406-09.2010"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/12.13.15"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doya K Ishii S Pouget A Rao RPN (2007) Bayesian brain: probabilistic approaches to neural coding (MIT, Cambridge, MA).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262042383.001.0001"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043016"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.01.003"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00277-7"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5064.1692"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2831"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002052"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.4.1825","article-title":"Temporal and amplitude generalization in motor learning","volume":"79","author":"Goodbody","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.17","unstructured":"Hinton GE Sejnowski TJ (1983) Proceedings of the IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Optimal perceptual inference, pp 448\u2013453."},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.18","unstructured":"Hoyer P Hyv\u00e4rinen A (2003) in Advances in neural information processing systems, Interpreting neural response variability as Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior, eds Becker S Thrun S Obermayer K (MIT, Cambridge, MA), pp 293\u2013300."},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.012"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.01.054"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005727"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02169"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000943"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8916","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08916.2000","article-title":"Learning of visuomotor transformations for vectorial planning of reaching trajectories","volume":"20","author":"Krakauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.08.035"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1790"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2676","article-title":"Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching","volume":"82","author":"Moran","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01089.2009"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5441-08.2009"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth S Black MJ (2005) IEEE International Conference on Comput Vision On the spatial statistics of optical flow, Vol. 1, pp 42\u201349.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.180"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603322362356"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.04.003"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629243"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2450"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2779-06.2006"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00171"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00247.2012"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35037588"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00635.2011"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6525-10.2011"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.05965.x"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90545.2008"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603765202631"},{"key":"2023041304123892000_34.34.11470.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017818"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3882-13.2014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T22:12:21Z","timestamp":1681423941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3882-13.2014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3882-13.2014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.3882-13.2014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-6474","1529-2401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-6474","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]}}}